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<h2>history</h2>
<img src="/Images/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg" align ="right" class="ImgOnRight"/>
The First Continental Congress was a gathering of representatives from twelve 
of the thirteen British Colonies in North America.
 On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence,
 referring to the new nation as the "United States of America". The Articles of Confederation 
in 1781 created a unicameral body with equal representation among the states in which each 
state had a veto over most decisions. With no executive or judiciary, and minimal authority,
 this government was weak and lacked authority to collect taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws.

Painting of men in a formal political meeting.

George Washington presiding over the signing of the United States Constitution.
Government powerlessness led to the Convention of 1787 which proposed a revised constitution with a two–chamber 
or bicameral congress. Smaller states argued for equal representation for each state.The two-chamber structure 
had functioned well in state governments. A compromise plan was adopted with representatives chosen by population
 (benefitting larger states) and exactly two senators chosen by state governments (benefitting smaller states).
 The ratified constitution created a federal structure with two overlapping power centers so that each citizen as an
 individual was subjected to both the power of state government and the national government.
 To protect against abuse of power, each branch of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—had a 
separate sphere of authority and could check other branches according to the principle of the separation of powers.
 Furthermore, there were checks and balances within the legislature since there were two separate chambers.
 The new government became active in 1789.

Political scientist Julian E. Zelizer suggested there were four main congressional eras, with considerable overlap, and included the formative era (1780s–1820s), the partisan era (1830s–1900s), 
the committee era (1910s–1960s), and the contemporary era (1970s–today)
    